Running a creator's business for a revenue share

The research was done by AI agents that open web pages. Some sites refuse them; where that happened we say so. The small numbers point to the source list at the end. Where a figure is our own sum or guess, it is marked “our estimate” and the basis is given.

The claim

Our collection for this scheme holds one tweet¹. It has 96 views and comes from an account with 2,231 followers¹. That is under the size at which we name accounts, so we describe it and do not quote it.

The tweet quotes a definition of growth operating as helping a creator build a business from their audience, with the operator often managing everything from the community to the content. It says the speaker in a linked clip is Brett Malinowski, who has a YouTube channel with 527,000 subscribers, and that he talks about the challenges and rewards of the work¹⁷³. In the text we collected, it gives no income, no percentage, no audience size and no cost, and it shows nothing on offer¹. We did not see the clip or the page the tweet links to.

So there is no tweeted income figure to test. This page rests on how the method is promoted generally: on the pages of the people who teach it and the platforms it runs on. The income figures those pages use run from about $10,000 a month to over $100,000 a month^16202223. These are sellers’ and coaches’ own figures; they are listed under “The upside”. The page judges the scheme, not the people.

What the scheme is

A creator is someone with a following on YouTube, Instagram, TikTok or a newsletter. Many creators earn mostly from adverts and brand deals and have nothing of their own to sell. Goldman Sachs Research reported in April 2023, citing survey data, that brand deals are about 70% of creator revenue⁷⁰.

A “growth operator” offers to build and run a business on that audience. The creator stays the face. The operator does the rest: decides what to sell, builds the sales pages, writes the emails, runs the paid community, answers customers, and sometimes runs adverts and sales calls (phone or video calls on which a salesperson sells an expensive offer). The operator is paid a share of the sales, not a wage.

The product is usually an “info product”: a course, a paid community or coaching. One newsletter that promoted the model in 2024 lays out the usual ladder: adverts lead to a product of about $20, then a course of about $500, then coaching at $5,000 to $10,000, which it says “a small percentage of the audience” buys⁴⁹. The money comes from the creator’s followers.

The term is a marketing label, not a programme. No platform has a “growth operator” role or licence. It is a private deal between two people. A close variant is sold as “shadow operator”: building digital products for small creators and splitting the revenue²⁵⁵.

The job itself is old: talent managers and agencies have long run the business side for people with audiences. The question here is whether someone new to it can win a creator, and what the share would be worth.

The arithmetic

The sum is short:

Operator’s income = the creator’s product sales x the operator’s share, minus fees, tools and tax.

Step 1: the share

No contract between a creator and an operator was found, so every percentage here comes from someone promoting or reviewing the model. They do not agree.

We use 20%, 25% and 30% as the common range and show 50% as the top case. The sources also disagree on whether the share is of sales or of profit. That matters a great deal and no source states a norm.

One example shows why the share comes first. The review site reports that a Monetise student’s first ebook “earned him $2K after it generated about $9K in sales”². It also gives a headline figure of “$35,437.66 in gross revenue” for the same student. The site reads that as product sales and guesses his part: “If Mishaal took 20% to 25% commission, that would be $7K to $8.75K of $35K.”² The source does not settle which it is. Headline figures in this field can be the creator’s sales and not the operator’s income: the “tracked sales” on Monetise’s own page are another case¹⁰.

Step 2: the sales needed

Sales needed = income wanted ÷ share. These are our sums.

A common product is a paid community on Skool, a platform that hosts communities and courses. A third-party tracker puts the median price of a paid Skool community at $29 a month in its charts and $33 in its written summary³. The member counts below use both.

These are before fees, refunds and members who cancel. A paid community loses members every month, so the counts must be held, not reached once. We found no measured cancellation rate.

A cheap membership is not the only route. The promoters’ own ladder puts a course at about $500 and coaching at $5,000 to $10,000⁴⁹. At those prices far fewer buyers are needed (our estimate):

Coaching at that price is usually sold on sales calls, so the people who take the calls are an extra cost. We found no source for how many followers buy at these prices.

Step 3: how many communities sell that much

The platform’s own total. Skool’s sign-up page says: “Join 200k communities earning $1 billion per year”⁴. Our estimate: $1 billion ÷ 200,000 = $5,000 a year, or about $417 a month per community, free ones included. Free communities pay an operator nothing, so this shows scale, not a typical deal. Skool does not say how the figure is counted or when, and an average hides a very uneven spread.

A third-party tracker. Profitable.app tracks 48.1K Skool communities and estimates that 33.1% of them charge anything³. For the 15.9K paid ones it models revenue as price times members. It says this is “an upper bound that assumes every member pays monthly”³. On that model the median paid community makes $1,202 a month³. A 25% share of that is about $300 (our sum). The tracker’s written summary uses older counts (42,000 tracked, 12,500 paid, a $1,217 median and a higher size ladder); we used the charts dated 7 October 2026³. The bands below add to about 15.7K, not 15.9K, because the tracker rounds them.

Our sums from that table: about 4,100 communities reach $5,000 a month or more. That is about 26% of the paid ones and about 9% of all those tracked. About 620 reach $50,000 or more, which is about 4% of paid and 1.3% of all tracked. So $1,000 a month for an operator on a 20% share needs a community in roughly the top quarter of paid communities. $10,000 a month needs one in the top few percent.

These are all communities, and most were started by people with no audience: 23.7K of the 48.1K tracked have fewer than 50 members³. An operator picks a creator who already has one. A community with 100 to 499 members has a modelled median of $5.9K a month, and 20% of that is about $1,180 (our sum)³. So the percentiles show the size of the field, not the odds for a chosen creator.

Read the table as a ceiling. A separate check on 29 communities found that “Median revenue per listed member came to only 71.2% of the current advertised price”⁵. The tracker’s total, $196.5 million a month, is also more than double Skool’s own $1 billion a year (our comparison)³⁴⁵. And these are communities that exist today, not a sample of new partnerships.

Sales follow the size of the audience. The tracker’s median modelled sales are $485 a month for paid communities under 100 members, $5.9K for 100 to 499, $18.9K for 500 to 999, $37.2K for 1,000 to 5,000 and $89.4K above 5,000³. It concludes: “Audience comes before income.”³

Step 4: the audience the creator needs

No source we found measures what share of a creator’s followers buy a course or join a paid community. The nearest figures are for email lists, which are a warmer group than followers.

• One creator published the numbers for a course launch to about 6,800 email subscribers: 91 buyers, “1.3% conversion rate from email to paid”, and $14,641.50 in sales⁷¹. This is the only measured launch we found, and it is one person’s own report.
• Mailchimp, an email service, gives an average click rate of 2.62% across all users in its benchmark table, and 3.02% for education and training⁷. So of 10,000 people emailed, about 262 click through to the sales page on an average send, before anyone buys (our sum).
• Substack, a newsletter platform, says in its own guide: “We tend to see 5-10% of free subscribers convert to paying subscriptions, with 10% being a rate to aim for.”⁶ This is a platform’s aim for readers of a free newsletter paying for the same newsletter. It is not a figure for a list buying a course or a community, so we treat it as the optimistic bound.

Our estimate at the 1.3% of the published launch: 120 to 140 paying members needs an email list of about 9,200 to 10,800, and 1,200 to 1,400 paying members needs about 92,000 to 108,000. At the Substack range of 5% to 10%, those lists would be about 1,200 to 2,800 and 12,000 to 28,000. Follower counts would need to be larger again, by an amount no source gives.

Step 5: a launch, worked through (our estimate)

Take a creator with 10,000 email subscribers.

On the observed figures. The published launch converted 1.3% of its list, and its 91 buyers paid about $161 each on average ($14,641.50 ÷ 91, our division)⁷¹. On a list of 10,000 that is 130 buyers and about $21,000. At 30% the operator gets about $6,300 for the launch, before costs.

On favourable figures. Take a $300 course and 1% to 2% buying. That is 100 to 200 buyers and $30,000 to $60,000 per launch. At 30% the operator gets $9,000 to $18,000 per launch, before costs. Two to four launches a year with one creator is $18,000 to $72,000 a year, or about $1,500 to $6,000 a month.

The favourable case assumes a price nearly double the observed average, and that repeat launches to the same list sell as well as the first. No source supports that second assumption. The 1% to 2% rests on the one published launch at 1.3%⁷¹ and on benchmarks we saw only in search summaries.

On the favourable figures, $10,000 a month needs two to seven such creators at once (our sum: $10,000 divided by $1,500 to $6,000). On the observed figures it needs more. The other routes are one creator with a much larger list, or a high-priced offer sold on calls.

Step 6: the costs

• Platform fees. Skool charges $9 a month with a 10% fee on sales, or $99 a month with a 2.9% fee⁸. On $4,000 a month of sales the second plan costs about $215 and the first about $409 (our sums). Whop, another platform for selling digital products, charges “2.7% + $0.30 per successful transaction for domestic cards”, rising to “6% + $0.30” with optional extras⁹. Kajabi, a course platform, lists plans at $179, $249 and $499 a month, and the payment company Stripe charges 2.9% plus 30 cents per card payment¹³.
• Finding a creator. This is usually done by cold messages: messages to strangers who have not asked for them. A cold-email tool that the Monetise page bundles lists at $597 a month for 1,000 emails a day¹⁰¹¹. Customer results shown on that tool’s own page include “9 positive / 3,556 sent” and “15 interested / 1,240”¹¹. That is 0.25% and 1.2% (our division). The vendor’s own calculator is lower. Under the label “Conservative assumption 1% reply rate · 5% positive”, it projects 11 positive replies from about 22,000 emails a month, which is 0.05% (our division)¹¹. All of these are from general business email and not from messages to creators, and a positive reply is not a signed deal.
• Training. The communities that teach the method charge $9 to $97 a month, and one we saw is free^16171852. A review site and a second review both give $1,995 for Monetise; the seller’s own page shows no price while enrolment is closed²⁵⁵. At a 20% to 25% share, a buyer needs a creator to sell about $8,000 to $10,000 of product just to cover that fee (our sum).
• Tax. In the United States a share paid to a self-employed person carries self-employment tax: “The self-employment tax rate is 15.3%”, on top of income tax⁴⁷.

Platform fees are small next to the split. For the typical small community, though, the platform takes a large part of the share: 25% of a $1,200 median is $300 a month, against about $130 for either Skool plan including its fee on sales, or $179 to $499 for a Kajabi plan (our sums)³⁸¹³. Who pays the platform is a matter for the contract.

What the sums leave out

The step nobody prices is the first one: getting a creator with a large enough audience to give away a fifth to a half of a product’s revenue to a stranger. We found no figure for how often that happens or how long it takes.

What people who tried it report

Nobody publishes outcome data. We found no study, platform statistic or income disclosure that says what share of people who try this sign a creator, what the median operator earns, or how long it takes. Every income figure below is someone’s own statement. None was checked against payment records.

The first creator is the hard part. Whop, which earns fees from the communities operators build, says in its own explainer: “getting your first client is the biggest hurdle you’ll face when starting out.”¹⁴ The explainer names no operator with earnings and gives no percentage¹⁴. The explainer was published in June 2024 and last modified in January 2026¹⁴.

Creators stop replying. This is the failure reported most often, though the reports are few.

• One poster in a 399-member Skool community that teaches the method says he lost three revenue-share deals because he pitched a list of tasks and not an outcome, and that the creators went quiet. He gives no earnings¹⁵.
• Two small YouTube diaries from 2024 record it in their titles: one says a second creator stopped responding on launch day, and one is a day-47 entry about nearly quitting²⁴. We read titles and descriptions only. The channels are small, so we do not name them.
• A review site quotes unlinked Reddit and YouTube comments about the model in general, not about any one programme. Negative ones say the writer could not book trials even with small creators, and that one had made no money by day 123. A positive one says the writer tripled a client’s revenue “from $20k to $60k/mo” within two months²⁷. The site sells a competing course and does not link the comments, so we could not check them.
• The same site quotes a Monetise buyer: “I have yet to see a return on my investment after 6 months.”² This too is unlinked.

Creators report bad experiences too. One coach says in a 2026 video description that he paid two growth operators: one cut contact and the other set up no system²⁶. The description links to a booking page for his own agency, and his account is unproven. If such accounts are common, they would help explain why a cold pitch from a new operator meets suspicion.

Self-reported successes.

• A small channel’s one-year report says its author started “with no clients or experience” and is “making over $10,000 a month”²³. We read the description only and saw no proof. We could not tell whether the channel sells anything.
• Three Trustpilot reviews of growthoperator.com give income figures: “around 3k/mo”, “$40k months” and “a 31.5k week with a client”¹⁹. The profile has 107 reviews and a 4.8 score¹⁹. Most of the reviews we could see are from September 2024 and describe a free class by a different presenter. Only the reviews dated December 2025 and January 2026 name the current coaches¹⁹.
• The review site reports that a Monetise student who had earned $200 a month in a sales job was paid $2,000 and then $4,000 for two ebooks built for creators². That is a beginner-level result. It reaches us through the seller’s marketing and a competitor’s review, and was not checked.
• The sellers’ own figures are under “The upside” below.

Most of the commentary comes from people with something to offer. We ran three YouTube searches on the model and got about 40 videos²⁵. Some titles claim $9,000 to $123,000 a month. Others attack the model in strong terms. Of 12 descriptions we opened, 11 link to the uploader’s own coaching, community, agency, affiliate tool or group on the chat app Telegram²⁵. The critics mostly go on to recommend a different model that they teach. So neither the praise nor the criticism is disinterested. No video was watched: YouTube blocked the player and the captions for our tools, so anything shown on screen was not seen.

A widely viewed coach later titled a video “Growth Operating Died In 2024”. Ben Bader’s video “How I make $104,511 per month as a growth operator” was the most-viewed result we found, at 25,199 views, and its description links to his paid coaching²². His channel shows 25,900 subscribers²². The description says: “I share how I built my marketing agency, which has now been popularized as the “growth operator” business model.”²² About eight months later he published a video titled “Growth Operating Died In 2024… Do THIS Now”²². We did not watch it, so we report the title only and do not know what he argues. The income figure is his own.

At the top, one partnership ended in court. The creator MrBeast (Jimmy Donaldson) sued Virtual Dining Concepts, the company that operated MrBeast Burger, in 2023. NBC News reported that he alleged he had “not received a dime” although the brand had made “millions of dollars”²⁸. The company denied this and countersued for breach of contract and disparagement²⁸. Its countersuit said the brand had about 2 million orders and about 300 restaurant partners at launch²⁹. Both sides’ statements are allegations as reported by news sites. We did not open the court filings and found no outcome, so we treat the case as undecided. This is a food brand at a very different scale from a course launch. It shows that the split and control can be disputed even with contracts and lawyers.

What the rules allow now

There is no rule about “growth operators” as such. What applies is the platforms’ terms, consumer law on how the product is sold, and the law between the two partners. The law below is United States law; other countries were not checked.

The operator cannot own the audience or the account

• Instagram. Its terms forbid attempts to “buy, sell, or transfer any aspect of your account (including your username); solicit, collect, or use login credentials or badges of other users”³⁷. Logging in as the creator to run messages and posts is outside the terms. The creator can also change the password at any time.
• Skool. “Your access privileges may not be transferred by you to any third parties.”³² Payouts go to the account’s admin, usually the creator.
• Whop. Its terms, updated on 9 October 2026, prohibit transferring account access without permission³⁶.
• YouTube has a permitted route. A channel owner can give other people roles: “Multiple people can be granted five different levels of permissions to manage your channel without needing access to your Google Account.”³⁸ Ownership cannot be passed to an invited user this way, and one role, “Editor (Limited)”, “Can’t access revenue data”³⁸. So an operator may not even see the income their share is worked out from unless the creator allows it.

Platforms can hold the money

• Skool may withhold the admin’s earnings “if we think that you have or may have seriously or repeatedly breached any part of this Agreement”, and may declare them forfeited³². It may also end access “FOR ANY REASON, WITH OR WITHOUT NOTICE”³². These terms are dated 1 July 2023.
• Whop: “We may terminate or suspend your Whop account (and any related accounts) at any time, with or without notice, if you violate these Terms, any Whop policy, or for any other reason, at our sole discretion.”³⁶
• Stripe may hold a “Reserve”, which it defines as “collateral funds which Stripe holds and controls to satisfy any liabilities or potential liabilities”³⁵.
• Chargebacks. A chargeback is when a buyer asks their card company to reverse a payment. Stripe says: “Card networks typically allow cardholders to initiate disputes within 120 days of the original payment”, and it then “debits your Stripe balance for the disputed amount plus a dispute fee”³⁴. So sales already split can be reversed about four months later. Whoever’s name is on the payment account carries that.

We found no figures on how often any of these platforms does this.

“Make money” products are restricted

The usual product in this model is a course or community about earning money. That is the category the payment rules single out.

• Skool’s list of things that may not be sold through its payments includes ""get rich quick” schemes, business opportunities, investment opportunities” and “Deceptive marketing practices”³¹. Many such communities visibly exist on Skool, so enforcement is at its discretion.
• Stripe restricts “schemes that claim to offer high rewards for very little effort or up-front work; and sites that promise fast and easy money”³³.
• Whop’s terms prohibit “making deceptive earnings claims”³⁶.

A community about fitness, a language or a craft, sold with honest claims, is not on these lists.

The person who runs the marketing can be liable

United States regulators have named the people behind the sales, not only the face. The cases below concern only the companies and people named in them. None is about a “growth operator” by that name, and we do not suggest a link to anyone else on this page.

• FTC v. Growth Cave. The Federal Trade Commission (FTC) sued in 2025 over money-making programmes sold through YouTube adverts, including one that promised placement with a client⁵⁷. It settled. The FTC’s January 2026 release says the two co-chief executives “are permanently banned from marketing and selling business opportunities and credit repair programs as part of an FTC settlement to resolve allegations that their scheme cost consumers nearly $50 million”⁴⁰. The company’s operations manager settled earlier. The release says his order “includes a judgment of $48,597,538 against him, which has been partially suspended upon his payment of $35,000 to the Commission”⁴⁰. The order bars him from “assisting others” in selling business opportunities³⁹. The order defines that to include “Performing customer service functions” and “Formulating or providing, or arranging for the formulation or provision of, any advertising or marketing material, including any telephone sales script”³⁹. That reads like an operator’s job. These were settlements; no court ruled on the allegations.
• FTC v. Lurn. In a 2023 case about online business coaching, the FTC named the company, its chief executive and two on-camera spokespeople. All agreed to court orders, and the company and chief executive agreed to “turn over $2.5 million”⁴¹. The FTC’s release said “very few, if any consumers actually made money with the programs”⁵⁸. This was also a settlement.
• Penalty notices. In 2021 the FTC told “more than 1,100 companies” that “they could incur significant civil penalties—up to $43,792 per violation—if they or their representatives make claims about money-making opportunities” that are deceptive⁴². The FTC’s telemarketing guide now gives $53,088 per violation⁴⁴.
• Endorsements. FTC guidance says: “You could be liable if you play a role in creating or disseminating endorsements”⁴⁵. An operator who writes the creator’s posts and testimonials plays that role.

Does the Business Opportunity Rule apply? Our researchers read this differently, and we do not settle it. The rule covers offers where the seller says it will help the buyer set up a business and makes earnings claims. It requires a disclosure document “seven days before the prospective buyer signs a contract or pays any money”, and says “it’s illegal to make an earnings claim unless you have written materials on hand that back up what you’re saying”⁴³. In January 2025 the FTC proposed to “expand the Business Opportunity Rule to cover money-making opportunities, such as business coaching”, which implies that coaching is not clearly covered today⁵⁹. We could not confirm whether that proposal was finalised. The general ban on deceptive claims applies either way.

Sales calls and subscriptions. The FTC’s guide says the telemarketing rule “generally does not apply to calls consumers make in response to general media advertising”, with exceptions that include investment opportunities and some business opportunities⁴⁴. The federal “click-to-cancel” rule for subscriptions is not in force as a separate rule; the FTC revised it in February 2026 to conform to a court decision and opened a new rulemaking in March 2026⁴⁸.

A handshake deal can make you a partner in law

California’s partnership law, as one example, says “the association of two or more persons to carry on as coowners a business for profit forms a partnership, whether or not the persons intend to form a partnership”, and that “all partners are liable jointly and severally for all obligations of the partnership”⁴⁶. A share of profits can therefore bring a share of the debts: refunds, chargebacks, judgments. A written contract that pays a contractor a percentage is a different thing from a partnership. Other states and countries differ.

Who makes money from it

In our collection: the one tweet shows nothing on offer¹. The picture below comes from sellers’ own pages.

The creator’s followers pay for everything. By the promoters’ own description, the income is followers buying a ladder of products, from about $20 up to coaching at $5,000 to $10,000⁴⁹.

People who teach the method are paid first. They are paid whether or not a student ever signs a creator. A Skool search for “growth operator” returned 623 groups on 10 October 2026; the search matches loosely, so that overstates the number¹⁷. Among the first 30, those about this method are mostly teaching communities, in English, German, French and Spanish¹⁷.

One $149 a month group uses the name “Growth Operator”, but its page describes consulting for existing brands and not creator partnerships, so it is left out⁵².

Our estimate: if all 4,767 members of the largest paid $9 a month, that would be about $42,900 a month for teaching. How many pay is unknown.

One seller’s results page says its figures are placeholders. The results page of growthoperator.com shows “420+ Operators trained” and testimonials with a first name, an initial and a dollar figure⁵¹. It ends with this note: “Results shown are illustrative examples for layout. Replace with your real, verified student and creator results before publishing.”⁵¹ So the figures and testimonials on that page are placeholders by the site’s own statement, and we do not count them as evidence. The operators page shows “1,800+ Operators trained 93% Success rate” with no such note, beside a sample creator profile named “@blurredname”⁵¹. The site says “no experience required”⁵¹. Its Skool page says “A community of 127+ operators” beside a member count of 23¹⁸.

The review site says Kile Lyn founded Growth Operator and that the programme offers “Live coaching with Kile Lyn and Scott Kelly”²⁷. One of the Trustpilot reviews with an income figure also names “Kile and Scott”¹⁹. So the Trustpilot incomes, the site’s own figures and Scott Kelly’s claim under “The upside” come from one seller group. They are not independent accounts.

Monetise. Iman Gadzhi’s company sells Monetise, a programme about building digital products that includes a “Shadow Operator Playbook” for “creator-led digital products”⁵⁵. It is mainly a digital-product course, and only partly about this model. What its own pages say:

• The sales page lists “No Audience”, “No Ad Spend” and “No Experience”, and claims “$55.6M+ in Tracked Sales”¹⁰. The three rounds it lists ($8.9 million, $15 million and $31 million) add to $54.9 million (our sum)¹⁰. It gives no number of buyers and no median. “Tracked sales” are the sales of the products students worked on, not what the students kept. Where a student worked for a creator on a 20% to 25% share, only that part of a sale was the student’s. The page does not say how much of the total was made that way.
• The seller writes: “As a co-owner of Whop (the platform where you’ll host your digital products), I get a tiny percentage of every sale made.”¹⁰
• The guarantee extends access. The page says that if a buyer does not “10x your investment within 12 months”, the company will “extend your access to consulting calls, program updates, and support at no additional cost for up to 3 years”¹⁰. The terms say: “It is not a money-back guarantee, and it is not a promise of income, revenue, or specific financial outcomes.”⁵⁶ The terms give a 7-day refund and say testimonials “are not typical”⁵⁶.

The platforms. Skool is paid $9 or $99 a month by every group owner, plus a share of sales⁸. It also pays 40% of a referred group’s subscription for life, and says: “If you have a group and one of your members creates a group — we’ll attribute the referral to you automatically.”⁵⁴ So a teacher whose students open Skool groups for creators can earn from those groups’ fees, about $3.60 or $39.60 a month each (our sum). We did not check that any teacher collects it.

A promoter of the model. Brett Malinowski, the person the tweet says is speaking in the clip, wrote about the model in a September 2024 newsletter⁴⁹. It describes a 20-year-old podcast guest who “runs a Growth Operator Agency that makes $100,000 every month”, adds “I’ve seen the numbers”, and shows no proof on the page⁴⁹. That issue carried a sponsor’s message for a sales software company⁴⁹. His January 2025 issue is about a different way of earning and speaks of Whop as “we”: “At Whop, we’ve built all the tools you need”⁵⁰. Whop earns fees from communities and products sold this way⁹¹⁴. We found no growth-operator course of his.

One figure, repeated without proof. Eddie Cumberbatch’s course page is headed “How I Made $263,133 in a Single Year as a Growth Operator Partnering w/ a Content Creator”¹². A 2024 newsletter cites an unnamed operator “still in school” who made $263,000 in a year, with no source³⁰. This is probably the same claim repeated. On the pages we read we saw no proof, no price and no split¹²³⁰.

Regulators. We found no court or regulator action that names “growth operator” or any seller on this page. The FTC cases above concern only the companies named in them. In 2026 the FTC published a consumer alert on business coaching offers, which says: “Glowing stories of success could be fake or misleading.”⁶⁰ That is general guidance about a category, not a statement about anyone named here.

The upside

Running the business side for someone with an audience does pay some people very well. The best evidence is at the top end, where company filings can be checked. Those companies are a different kind of business from the course-and-community deal sold on social media: a talent manager, a funded buyer of channels and a website venture. In the scheme’s own form, everything is a person’s or a seller’s own statement.

Checked in public filings

• Arcade Media. Forbes describes Jordan Schwarzenberger as cofounder of Arcade Media, who “manages clients such as British YouTube group The Sidemen (including KSI) and helps creators launch businesses such as their companies Sides and XIX Vodka”⁶¹. The company’s filed accounts show 9 staff and net assets (what the company owns minus what it owes) of £232,748 at 31 March 2025, up from £67,394 a year earlier. They then fell to £160,610 at 31 December 2025, after a nine-month accounting period⁶². The accounts are unaudited, meaning no outside accountant checked them, and have no profit and loss account. They do not show dividends or any stakes in the creators’ brands, so they may understate what the founders earned⁶².
• Electrify Video Partners. This London company takes stakes in creator channels and supplies teams and money. Its audited group accounts for 2025 show turnover (sales) of $29.57 million, up from $11.74 million, an operating profit of $1.18 million, and a loss for the year of $7.90 million after $8.50 million of interest and a tax charge, with 69 staff on average⁶³. A profile says its usual deal is to buy 50% or more of an established creator business. It says the company announced up to $50 million of financing in March 2023, including a loan facility, and capacity of up to $85 million by September 2023⁶⁴. That is the reverse of the pitch on social media: the operator pays for its share, largely with borrowed money.
• Onfolio. A listed company’s annual report describes managing a website for a joint venture: “we receive a management fee of $2,500 per month and 50% profit share of any profits above $12,500 per month”⁶⁸. That is a content website, not a creator’s audience, but it is a filed example of a fee plus a share. Onfolio also announced a revenue-share programme for course creators in July 2025, with no percentage and no results⁶⁹. A keyword search of its later filings found no mention of the programme⁶⁸.

Reported by the press

• Night and MrBeast. Reed Duchscher worked with MrBeast from early 2018⁶⁶. In May 2024 Night stopped being MrBeast’s primary management agency, as Business Insider reported from other outlets⁶⁵. MrBeast said: “he and I continue to have a great relationship. At this point, it makes sense to put full focus into the growth of Feastables and for me to start building my own internal team.”⁶⁵ Night said Duchscher would keep working with him on Feastables, his snack brand⁶⁵. Wikipedia, citing press reports, says Duchscher began as an NFL sports agent, worked on brand deals for the channel Dude Perfect and founded Night in 2015⁶⁶. TechCrunch reported in March 2021 that Night was “closing a debut fund with $20 million in capital commitments”⁷⁴. Wikipedia’s article on the company says a $100 million investment from The Chernin Group in 2022 went to found an investment firm owned jointly with Night⁷⁵. What Duchscher earned from the relationship was not found.
• Prime. The drinks brand of Logan Paul and KSI, run with an existing drinks company, is the largest outcome we found: about $250 million in sales in 2022 and a forecast of over $1.2 billion for 2023, according to Bloomberg as cited by Wikipedia⁶⁷. The same article says UK sales fell 48% in 2024⁶⁷. We read this on Wikipedia only.

In the scheme’s own form: a seller’s named clients

A German training provider lists three creators it says it works for as operator⁵³. By its own account, one has over 500,000 followers and a Skool community launched “von 0 auf 30k MRR in 6 Wochen” (from nothing to 30,000 a month in six weeks). One has over 200,000 followers and a community taken to “40K MRR”, then to six-figure monthly sales with high-priced offers. One has over 6 million followers and a coaching programme⁵³. MRR means monthly recurring revenue: the subscription income in a month. The page gives no currency.

These are the seller’s claims and the page shows no proof. The page names the creators, so the communities could be checked by someone with access to their figures. Our Skool searches found one group under the third creator’s name, with 189 members, and did not identify the other two with confidence⁷⁶. Each of these creators has a following in the hundreds of thousands or more.

People’s own statements

None of these was checked by a third party. All but one come from people who sell training or coaching.

The largest of these describe agencies with several clients and paid staff, in a best month, not one beginner with one creator.

How large the best communities are

No source gives operator earnings by rank, so we cannot say what the top tenth or the top hundredth of operators earn. The figures here rank communities by modelled sales, not operators by income, and one operator may hold a share in several or in none. The nearest measure is what paid communities sell, on the tracker’s upper-bound model³. A 25% share of a community in about the top quarter of paid ones starts at $1,250 a month. In about the top 4% it starts at $12,500. The 287 above $100,000 a month are about the top 2% (our sums). This is the size of the prize, not the odds of holding a share of it.

A realistic good result in the first year or two (our estimate)

The common outcome is unknown, and may be no deal. Nobody measures how many people who try sign a creator. Two diaries and some unlinked comments describe weeks or months of messages without one²⁴²⁷. Against that, a seller’s chosen testimonials report first creators signed in five to six weeks by people who came from sales or freelancing⁵³. Those are self-reported, picked by the seller, and from a group with 20 places.

A good first deal. A competent first partnership with a mid-sized creator is worth a few thousand dollars per launch. The published launch to 6,800 subscribers made $14,641.50⁷¹; 30% of that is about $4,400 and 20% about $2,900.

A good first or second year. One creator with about 10,000 engaged subscribers gives roughly $6,000 to $72,000 a year at 30%, before costs and tax (Step 5). The bottom is one launch at the observed rate and price. The top needs four launches a year at a higher price with no fall in sales, which no source shows. The first money is at least a couple of months away: the outreach to win a creator, then weeks to build and launch. We found no measured figure for either.

When it really works. It looks like an agency: several creators, a team, and a record that wins the next client. That is the form the largest self-reported figures take²⁰²².

What it takes to compete

What the people who succeed have

1. A skill that already makes money. The checkable successes were agents, media executives or existing companies before they had a creator^61646667. The biggest self-reported cases describe a former sales closer and an existing marketing agency²⁰²². The German training page’s own testimonials describe people who were already closers (salespeople who finish a sale), appointment setters (people who book sales calls) or freelancers⁵³. One, a former closer, reports his first five-figure sales with one creator at a 50% share within six weeks; that is sales, of which half was his⁵³. What a creator lacks is someone who can build an offer, a sales page, an email sequence, adverts or a sales team, and show it has worked before.
2. A way in that is not a cold message. The platform that hosts these businesses names the first client as the main hurdle¹⁴. A cold-email vendor’s own figures run from 0.05% to 1.2% positive replies, and those are not from creators¹¹. Duchscher’s route to MrBeast ran through three years of work with other channels⁶⁶.
3. A creator with enough audience. A firm that builds apps with creators warns that those under 10,000 followers may lack the reach to produce meaningful revenue⁷². On the sums above, $1,000 a month needs a creator who can supply 100 to 170 paying members, and $10,000 a month needs 1,000 to 1,700. Goldman Sachs Research estimated in 2023 that there were 50 million creators, of whom “about 4%” earn more than $100,000 a year, which is about 2 million (our sum)⁷⁰. Those are the ones who get the most pitches and can hire staff.
4. A product that recurs or a price that is high. One launch pays once. The income in the tables comes from a membership that holds its members, repeated launches, or expensive coaching sold on calls.
5. Money to live on first. The work is unpaid until the product sells. The well-funded version goes further: Electrify buys its share with capital and still made a loss after interest⁶³⁶⁴.
6. A written contract. It should say whether the share is of sales or profit, who holds the payment account, who pays refunds and chargebacks, what the operator can see, and what happens to the share if the creator leaves. Even a good relationship can end: MrBeast began building his own team after six years with Night, and said the relationship remained good⁶⁵. The burger dispute began, on the operator’s account, after it refused a buy-out offer²⁹. The operator owns none of the audience³²³⁷.
7. A product the platforms will carry. A skills or hobby community sold with honest claims sits outside the restricted lists. A “make money” offer with income promises sits inside them³¹³³³⁶.

What it costs

• Time without income: from five or six weeks, on a seller’s chosen testimonials, to months, on the diaries we found²⁴⁵³. There is no measured figure.
• Tools: from $9 plus 10% of sales up to $499 a month for a platform plan, and $597 a month if a full cold-email tool is used at its public price⁸¹¹¹³.
• Training, if bought: $9 to $97 a month for communities, or about $1,995 for Monetise on two reviewers’ accounts^2165255.
• Risk carried: refunds and chargebacks for about 120 days after each sale, and legal exposure if the product makes income claims³⁴³⁹⁴².

How to tell early which side you are on

These checks are our judgement, built from the figures above.

• Can you show paid work of this kind already? If you have built a sales page, an email sequence or an advert campaign that made money for someone, you have what creators are short of. If not, you are asking a creator to be your first test.
• Do creators reply? If several hundred well-aimed messages bring no serious conversation, the pitch or the proof is the problem, not the volume.
• Does the creator have a list? Ask for the number of email subscribers and what they have bought before. Under a few thousand engaged subscribers, a 20% to 30% share is small on the sums above.
• Do the sums work before you start? List size x 1% to 2% x price x your share. If that is not worth two months of your work, it will not become so.
• Is the deal on paper before you build? The reports of creators going quiet come from people who had done work first¹⁵²⁴.
• Does the plan need you to buy something first? The arithmetic above is free to check. No seller we found publishes what share of its students sign a creator or earn anything.

What we did not verify

• How many people who try this succeed. No source measures it. We cannot give a percentage, a median income or a time to first income.
• Every operator’s income figure. The German provider’s client figures, $113,000, $104,511, $123,000 and $10,000 a month, the $263,133 year, the Trustpilot figures and the $100,000 a month agency are all self-reported. None was checked against payment records.
• The tweet. x.com refused our tools, so the tweet was read from our collected copy. Its date, its link target and the clip were not seen, so we rely on the tweet’s text for who speaks in it. Nothing about Brett Malinowski’s own results or terms as an operator was found. His subscriber count was read from his YouTube channel page; his follower count on X was not.
• The share. No contract was found. The 20% to 25%, 30%, 10% to 30% and 50% figures come from promotional or competitor pages. Whether shares are of sales or profit, and who pays fees, is not established.
• The review site. ippei.com sells a competing course and does not link the buyer comments it quotes. None was checked at source.
• Monetise. The $1,995 price is from two third-party reviews and an example in the seller’s terms, not from a checkout. The number of buyers behind the $55.6 million is not published. The sales page showed no earnings disclaimer to us; the separate terms page has one. Whether the company ever sold a product named “Growth Operator” was not confirmed.
• growthoperator.com. One of our agents could not read the site at all; another read it at home.growthoperator.com. Its ownership comes from a competitor’s review only. Its Skool page is run by a user shown as Kile Lyn. Whether the 2024 Trustpilot reviews concern the same business as today’s site was not established. Trustpilot’s own notes on the profile were not confirmed, because the page opened only through a reader service. Full guarantee terms were not found.
• Skool figures. We did not confirm the date or counting method of “200k communities earning $1 billion per year”; the figure loads by script, an older copy showed the same numbers, and the page’s served date suggests the line may be over a year old. The tracker’s revenue is modelled, covers 48.1K of the 200k, and was not audited by us. Skool prices were read from page data and assume all listed members pay. Skool’s transaction terms did not load.
• Conversion. No source gives the share of social followers who buy a creator’s course or community. The Substack figure is for newsletters. The 1.3% is one launch. The 1% to 2% range rests partly on search summaries. Cancellation and refund rates for paid communities were not found.
• Outreach. Reply and signing rates for messages to creators were not found. The cold-email figures are a vendor’s chosen examples and its own projection.
• The German provider’s clients. The claimed figures for its three creator clients were not confirmed. Skool’s “Skool Games” rankings, which the page mentions, were not opened. The time-to-first-deal testimonials are the seller’s selection.
• High-priced offers. We found no figures for how many followers buy a $500 course or $5,000 to $10,000 coaching, or what sales-call staff cost.
• YouTube. No video was watched and no transcript read. Findings rest on titles, dates, view counts and descriptions.
• Reddit and forums. Reddit and a BlackHatWorld thread on the model refused every route. This is the largest gap in accounts from people who tried.
• Court and regulator documents. The MrBeast Burger filings were not opened and no outcome was found. The Growth Cave complaint and final order were not opened; one settlement order was read as a PDF through a reader service. That order makes the judgment joint with other defendants, which we did not examine. The status of the FTC’s January 2025 proposal, the current penalty figure and state business-opportunity laws were not checked. The FTC’s coaching alert shows April 2026 in its address and 18 May 2026 on the page.
• Exact quotes. Skool’s acceptable-use and pricing pages, Whop’s terms, the FTC endorsement and telemarketing guides, the FTC’s 2023 and 2025 releases, Trustpilot, the Whop blog, NBC, ClickOrlando and the 2024 newsletter were read through a tool that summarises text. Their quotes were not checked word for word against the page.
• Top-end figures. Prime, Duchscher’s history and the $100 million investment firm were read on Wikipedia only. The reports by Semafor and Bloomberg behind the Business Insider article were not opened. Arcade Media’s profit and its founders’ stakes in the creators’ brands are not in the accounts. Electrify’s deal terms come from a profile, not its accounts. The Onfolio search of later filings was by keyword, not a full reading.
• Refused pages. Trustpilot, the FTC’s site and TechCrunch refused a direct fetch today and were read through a reader service. Patreon’s fee pages, whop.com/pricing, Meta’s help page on delegated access and the Independent could not be opened.
• Outside the United States. Law, tax and regulators in other countries were not checked, beyond UK company filings.
• Whether the people named have seen this page. The people and companies named here were not contacted.

Sources

“Read at source” means we opened the page itself on 10 October 2026. “Secondary” means we read an article, review or summary about the source, not the source itself. “Estimate” means our own sum. “Through a reader service” means a service fetched the page for us because the site refused our tools directly.

1. Does It Pay collection of 1 tweets on this scheme, collected 2026-10-06. Read from our collected copy on 2026-10-10, not from the live tweet.
2. Ippei.com, review of Monetise. https://ippei.com/monetise/ . 2026-08-15. Secondary; the site sells a competing course.
3. Profitable.app, Skool statistics. https://profitable.app/skool/stats . 2026-10-07. Read at source on 2026-10-10; a third-party model, so secondary as evidence of revenue. Percentages are our estimate.
4. Skool, sign-up page. https://www.skool.com/signup . Undated; the page’s served date is 10 September 2025, so the figure may be that old. Read at source on 2026-10-10 through a reader service. The division is our estimate.
5. Steal What Works, “Skool communities making real money now”. https://stealwhatworks.com/blogs/news/skool-communities-making-real-money-now . 2026-09-17. Secondary.
6. Substack, going paid guide. https://substack.com/going-paid-guide . Undated. Read at source on 2026-10-10.
7. Mailchimp, email marketing benchmarks. https://mailchimp.com/resources/email-marketing-benchmarks/ . Undated. Read at source on 2026-10-10.
8. Skool, pricing. https://www.skool.com/pricing . Undated. Read at source on 2026-10-10.
9. Whop, fees. https://docs.whop.com/fees . Undated. Read at source on 2026-10-10.
10. Monetise, waitlist and sales page. https://www.monetise.com/waitlist . Page marked 2026. Read at source on 2026-10-10.
11. ListKit, pricing. https://www.listkit.io/pricing . Testimonials dated August to September 2026. Read at source on 2026-10-10.
12. Course page, “How I Made $263,133 in a Single Year as a Growth Operator”. https://eddiecumberbatch.thinkific.com/ . Page marked 2026. Read at source on 2026-10-10.
13. Kajabi, pricing. https://kajabi.com/pricing . Undated. Read at source on 2026-10-10. Stripe, pricing. https://stripe.com/pricing . Read at source on 2026-10-10 through a reader service.
14. Whop blog, “What is growth operating”. https://whop.com/blog/what-is-growth-operating/ . Published 2024-06-29, last modified 2026-01-09. Read at source on 2026-10-10.
15. Skool community post, “This is why creators keep ghosting you”. https://www.skool.com/scale-wise/this-is-why-creators-keep-ghosting-you . Dated 29 June, year not shown. Read at source on 2026-10-10.
16. Skool, Operator Incubator, about page. https://www.skool.com/tim-yoon-ipga-8692/about . Group created 2024-01-24. Read at source on 2026-10-10. The revenue figure is our estimate.
17. Skool, search for “growth operator”. https://www.skool.com/discovery?q=growth%20operator . Read at source on 2026-10-10.
18. Skool, growthoperator.com community, about page. https://www.skool.com/growthoperator/about . Group created 2025-12-13. Read at source on 2026-10-10.
19. Trustpilot, growthoperator.com. https://www.trustpilot.com/review/growthoperator.com . Income reviews dated 2025-12-16 and 2026-01-06; most other visible reviews dated September 2024. Read at source on 2026-10-10 through a reader service; a direct fetch was refused.
20. YouTube, Scott Kelly, video description. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WmK66gslBII . 2026-03-19. Read at source on 2026-10-10 (description only).
21. The Operator Lab, coaching page. https://theoperatorlab.com/youtube . Page marked 2025. Read at source on 2026-10-10.
22. YouTube, Ben Bader, “Growth Operating Died In 2024… Do THIS Now”. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5CubWnkOp7Y . 2025-02-13. Earlier video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nvOepZr49_w , 2024-05-28. Read at source on 2026-10-10 (titles and descriptions only).
23. YouTube, a one-year report by a small channel. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_zNDTZyH-WQ . 2026-02-22. Read at source on 2026-10-10 (description only).
24. YouTube, two diaries by small channels. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0XRW_Gd0F-A , 2024-04-22, and https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=R97uYWWc_yE , 2024-02-06. Read at source on 2026-10-10 (titles and descriptions only).
25. YouTube search results for the model. https://www.youtube.com/results?search_query=growth+operator+honest+results . Read at source on 2026-10-10. The counts are our own.
26. YouTube, a coach’s account of hiring operators. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=weUJvs6gXHs . 2026-05-10. Read at source on 2026-10-10 (description only).
27. Ippei.com, review of Growth Operator. https://ippei.com/growth-operator/ . 2026-05-10. Secondary; the site sells a competing course.
28. NBC News, MrBeast Burger partner denies allegations. https://www.nbcnews.com/business/mrbeast-burger-food-delivery-service-partner-denies-allegations-rcna129383 . 2023-12-13. Secondary (news report of court filings).
29. ClickOrlando, ghost kitchen operators countersue. https://www.clickorlando.com/food/2023/08/07/he-is-mistaken-orlando-ghost-kitchen-operators-countersue-youtuber-mrbeast/ . 2023-08-07. Secondary (news report of court filings).
30. Odd Night newsletter, “Growth operator blueprint”. https://www.oddnight.com/p/growth-operator-blueprint . 2024-04-19. Read at source on 2026-10-10.
31. Skool, acceptable use. https://www.skool.com/legal?t=acceptable-use . Undated. Read at source on 2026-10-10.
32. Skool, terms. https://www.skool.com/legal?t=terms . Effective 2023-07-01. Read at source on 2026-10-10 through a reader service.
33. Stripe, restricted businesses. https://stripe.com/legal/restricted-businesses . Updated 2026-09-22. Read at source on 2026-10-10 through a reader service.
34. Stripe, how disputes work. https://docs.stripe.com/disputes/how-disputes-work . Undated. Read at source on 2026-10-10.
35. Stripe, services agreement. https://stripe.com/legal/ssa . Modified 2026-09-28. Read at source on 2026-10-10 through a reader service.
36. Whop, terms of service. https://whop.com/tos/ . Updated 2026-10-09. Read at source on 2026-10-10.
37. Instagram, terms of use. https://help.instagram.com/581066165581870 . Revision date not captured. Read at source on 2026-10-10 through a reader service.
38. YouTube Help, channel permissions. https://support.google.com/youtube/answer/9481328?hl=en . Undated. Read at source on 2026-10-10 through a reader service.
39. FTC v. Growth Cave, stipulated order (Marksberry), C.D. Cal. 2:25-cv-01115. https://www.ftc.gov/system/files/ftc_gov/pdf/StipOrder-Marksberry.pdf . Filed 2025-08-25. Read at source on 2026-10-10 through a reader service.
40. FTC press release, Growth Cave settlement. https://www.ftc.gov/news-events/news/press-releases/2026/01/ftc-secures-settlement-banning-growth-cave-defendants-marketing-selling-business-opportunities . 2026-01-27. Read at source on 2026-10-10 through a reader service.
41. FTC case page, Lurn. https://www.ftc.gov/legal-library/browse/cases-proceedings/lurn . 2023-09-27, updated 2024-06-06. Read at source on 2026-10-10 through a reader service.
42. FTC press release, notices on money-making claims. https://www.ftc.gov/news-events/news/press-releases/2021/10/ftc-puts-businesses-notice-false-money-making-claims-could-lead-big-penalties . 2021-10-26. Read at source on 2026-10-10 through a reader service.
43. FTC business guidance, Business Opportunity Rule. https://www.ftc.gov/business-guidance/resources/selling-work-home-or-other-business-opportunity-revised-rule-may-apply-you . November 2011. Read at source on 2026-10-10 through a reader service.
44. FTC business guidance, complying with the Telemarketing Sales Rule. https://www.ftc.gov/business-guidance/resources/complying-telemarketing-sales-rule . Undated. Read at source on 2026-10-10 (first half only).
45. FTC, Endorsement Guides: what people are asking. https://www.ftc.gov/business-guidance/resources/ftcs-endorsement-guides-what-people-are-asking . Undated. Read at source on 2026-10-10.
46. California Corporations Code, sections 16202 and 16306. https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/codes_displaySection.xhtml?lawCode=CORP&sectionNum=16202 . Current text. Read at source on 2026-10-10 through a reader service.
47. IRS, self-employment tax. https://www.irs.gov/businesses/small-businesses-self-employed/self-employment-tax-social-security-and-medicare-taxes . Undated. Read at source on 2026-10-10 through a reader service.
48. FTC, Negative Option Rule page. https://www.ftc.gov/legal-library/browse/rules/negative-option-rule . Notices dated 2026-02-12 and 2026-03-13. Read at source on 2026-10-10 through a reader service.
49. Brett Malinowski’s newsletter, “The 7-figure infoproduct playbook”. https://thebrettway.beehiiv.com/p/the-7-figure-infoproduct-playbook . 2024-09-25. Read at source on 2026-10-10.
50. The same newsletter, “I left my business for this”. https://thebrettway.beehiiv.com/p/i-left-my-business-for-this . 2025-01-16. Read at source on 2026-10-10.
51. Growth Operator, home, operators and results pages. https://home.growthoperator.com/ , https://home.growthoperator.com/operators , https://home.growthoperator.com/results . Pages marked 2026. Read at source on 2026-10-10.
52. Skool, Ghost Operators and Agexa about pages. https://www.skool.com/paid/about and https://www.skool.com/agexa/about . Read at source on 2026-10-10.
53. Info Operator Accelerator. https://infooperator.de/accelerator . Page marked 2025. Read at source on 2026-10-10.
54. Skool, affiliate programme. https://www.skool.com/affiliate-program . Undated. Read at source on 2026-10-10. The dollar amounts are our estimate.
55. Consulting.com, Monetise. https://consulting.com/monetise . Read at source on 2026-10-10. Price from a review: https://moonlitemoney.com/blog/monetise-iman-gadzhi-review-2026 , 2026-07-23, secondary.
56. Consulting.com, terms. https://consulting.com/policy/terms . Revision date not captured. Read at source on 2026-10-10.
57. FTC press release, Growth Cave complaint. https://www.ftc.gov/news-events/news/press-releases/2025/03/ftc-takes-action-stop-sprawling-growth-cave-business-opportunity-credit-repair-scam . 2025-03-07. Read at source on 2026-10-10.
58. FTC press release, Lurn. https://www.ftc.gov/news-events/news/press-releases/2023/09/ftc-acts-stop-online-business-coaching-scheme-lurn-deceiving-consumers-about-money-making-potential . 2023-09-28. Read at source on 2026-10-10.
59. FTC press release, proposed rule changes on earnings claims. https://www.ftc.gov/news-events/news/press-releases/2025/01/ftc-proposes-rule-changes-new-rule-deter-deceptive-earnings-claims-multilevel-marketers-money-making . 2025-01-13. Read at source on 2026-10-10.
60. FTC consumer alert on business coaching offers. https://consumer.ftc.gov/consumer-alerts/2026/04/how-spot-and-avoid-business-coaching-scams . April or May 2026. Read at source on 2026-10-10.
61. Forbes, profile of Jordan Schwarzenberger. https://www.forbes.com/profile/jordan-schwarzenberger/ . Updated 2023-03-06. Read at source on 2026-10-10.
62. UK Companies House, Arcade Media Ltd, filing history. https://find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk/company/13134426/filing-history . Accounts filed 2025-12-01 and 2026-09-11. Read at source on 2026-10-10.
63. UK Companies House, Electrify Video Partners, filing history. https://find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk/company/13573516/filing-history . Group accounts to 2025-12-31, filed 2026-07-29. Read at source on 2026-10-10.
64. YesPress, profile of Electrify. https://yespress.io/electrify . 2026-09-09. Secondary.
65. Business Insider, MrBeast and Night. https://www.businessinsider.com/mrbeast-breaking-up-with-talent-manager-night-media-2024-5 . 2024-05-06. Read at source on 2026-10-10 through a reader service.
66. Wikipedia, Reed Duchscher. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reed_Duchscher . Read 2026-10-10. Secondary.
67. Wikipedia, Prime (drink). https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prime_(drink) . Read 2026-10-10. Secondary.
68. Onfolio Holdings, annual report (10-K) for 2025. https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1825452/000165495426003083/onfo_10k.htm . Filed 2026-03-31. Read at source on 2026-10-10.
69. Net Influencer, Onfolio revenue-share programme. https://www.netinfluencer.com/onfolio-launches-revenue-share-partnership-program-to-scale-creator-businesses/ . 2025-07-21. Read at source on 2026-10-10.
70. Goldman Sachs, the creator economy. https://www.goldmansachs.com/insights/articles/the-creator-economy-could-approach-half-a-trillion-dollars-by-2027 . 2023-04-19. Read at source on 2026-10-10.
71. Chaotic Creator newsletter, a $14K course launch. https://chaotic-creator.beehiiv.com/p/secrets-behind-14k-course-launch . 2024-08-09. Read at source on 2026-10-10.
72. Built by Foundry, revenue share in creator app deals. https://www.builtbyfoundry.io/blog/what-is-revenue-share-creator-app-deals . 2026-03-19, updated 2026-07-25. Read at source on 2026-10-10.
73. YouTube, Brett Malinowski, channel page. https://www.youtube.com/@thebrettway . Subscriber count as shown on 2026-10-10. Read at source on 2026-10-10.
74. TechCrunch, “MrBeast’s management company, Night Media, has a new venture fund that’s backed by creators”. https://techcrunch.com/2021/03/18/mrbeasts-management-company-night-media-has-a-new-venture-fund-thats-backed-by-creators/ . 2021-03-18. Read at source on 2026-10-10 through a reader service.
75. Wikipedia, Night (company). https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Night_(company) . Read 2026-10-10. Secondary.
76. Skool, searches for the three creators named on the German provider’s page. https://www.skool.com/discovery . Read at source on 2026-10-10. The matching of groups to creators is our own.

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